Following Contents quoted from “CRAWFORD’S STATUTORY CONSTRUCTION interpretation of Laws”

Miscellaneous Statutory Rules of Construction-But Not Found in Massachusetts.-An examination of the various statutory rules of construction, reveals that the statutes of Massachusetts do not include certain statutory rules which are found in a consider-able number of other states. Like the statutory provisions quoted from the laws of Massachusetts, these also, in many instances, closely resemble each other, as will be indicated in the following sections.'

The Common Law of England Adopted.-"The common law of England, so far as it is not inconsistent with the constitution, laws and institutions of this state, shall, together, with such institutions and laws, be the rule of decisions, and shall continue in force, except as from time to time it may be altered or repealed by the legislature." 37

Negro and Person of Color.-" The term 'negro', within the meaning of this code, includes mulatto. The term 'mulatto' or 'person of color' within the meaning of this code, is a person of mixed blood, descended on the part of the father or mother from negro ancestors, to the fifth generation.38

Children and Grandchildren.—" 'Children' and 'Grand-children', as used in these statutes generally refer to legitimate descendants, unless there is something which shows a contrary intent on the part of the legislature." 39

Children.—"The term 'children' includes children by birth and adoption.,, 40

Men.—"The term 'men' includes boys.,, 41

Convict.—" The word 'convict' shall mean a person con-fined in the penitentiary of this or any other state, or of the United States.” 42

Offense.—" The word 'offense' includes every act or omission for which a fine, forfeiture or punishment is imposed by law." 43

Head of a Family.—"The phrase 'head of a family' shall include any person who has charge of children, relatives, or others living with such person.” 44

Chattels.—" The term 'chattels' includes goods and chattels." 45